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Preview only — 전체 강의 자료는 등록 학생에게만 제공됩니다.Full lesson materials are provided to enrolled students.完整的课程资料将提供给已报名的学生。
INTRODUCTION
✓ FULL STRUCTURE
1. General Definition of Theme
Open with a broad universal statement defining the central theme — what does it mean for the human experience?以一句宽泛的普世性陈述开篇，界定核心主题——它对人类经验意味着什么？주제를 보편적·인간 경험 차원에서 정의하는 넓은 문장으로 시작합니다.
2. Connect Theme → Essay Question
Bridge from the universal theme to the specific essay prompt.从普世主题过渡到具体的作文题目。보편적 주제에서 시험 문제로 자연스럽게 좁혀 들어갑니다.
3. TAG + Brief Context
Title · Author · Genre — introduced once, with one sentence of relevant context.只介绍一次，并用一句话交代相关背景。한 번만 소개하며, 관련 맥락 한 문장 추가.
4. Thesis Statement
Your central debatable, thematic, universal argument — the roadmap for the body paragraphs.你的核心论点——可辩论、有主题、具普世意义——也是正文段落的路线图。에세이의 핵심 주장. 논쟁 가능·주제적·보편적, 본문 단락의 로드맵.
BODY PARAGRAPHS
✓ FRAMEWORK
🔒 ANALYSIS IN CLASS
Each body paragraph follows P.E.E.
🔒 Detailed Body Analysis (sample)
Initially, the protagonist's internalization of bias creates a barrier that isolates her from genuine human connection. The narrator describes him as "strange and different" (120), revealing an ingrained reluctance shaped by societal conditioning. Through this guarded perspective, Carver illustrates how prejudice operates as a quiet defense mechanism — a way of preserving comfort by refusing to engage with what is unfamiliar. However, when the narrator agrees to draw the cathedral with closed eyes, his physical participation becomes a metaphor for empathy itself, marking a turning point in his emotional landscape...
Detailed annotated samples provided in class
CONCLUSION
✓ FLOW
🔒 SPECIFICS IN CLASS
1. Paraphrased Thesis
Restate your central argument in fresh language — never copy-paste from the introduction.用全新的措辞重述你的核心论点——切勿从引言中原样照搬。서론의 thesis를 새로운 표현으로 다시 진술합니다 — 그대로 복사 금지.
2. Author's Message
What is the writer ultimately saying about human nature, society, or the human condition?作者最终想说明人性、社会或人类处境的什么道理？작가가 인간 본성·사회·인간 조건에 대해 궁극적으로 말하려는 메시지.
3. Broader Lesson
Extend beyond the text — what does this story reveal about life itself? A universal takeaway.延伸到文本之外——这个故事揭示了关于生活本身的什么？给出一个普世的启示。텍스트를 넘어 — 이 작품이 삶 자체에 대해 드러내는 보편적 교훈.
🔒 Specific Conclusion Lines (sample)
Ultimately, Carver suggests that empathy softens isolation and bias, opening the self to forms of connection that surface-level sight cannot reach. By inviting the narrator into shared imagination, the blind man enacts a quiet but transformative gesture — one that reveals how compassion breaks barriers and leads to change. In the broader human experience, true seeing is rarely a matter of vision; it is the willingness to participate in another's world even when one cannot fully understand it...
Full conclusion samples provided in class
모든 본문 단락은 P.E.E. 구조로 써야 합니다. Point(주장) → Evidence(근거, 최소 3개) → Explanation(분석). 이 중 Explanation이 가장 중요한 부분입니다.
Every body paragraph must follow P.E.E. structure. Point → Evidence (minimum 3) → Explanation. The Explanation is the most important part.每个正文段落都必须遵循P.E.E.结构：观点（Point）→ 论据（Evidence，至少3个）→ 解释（Explanation）。解释是最重要的部分。
P
Point 주장
단락의 핵심 주장 한 문장. Thesis와 직결되어야 하며, 특정 인물이 아닌 보편적 아이디어로 표현.One sentence stating your paragraph's main argument. Must connect directly to the Thesis — frame it universally, not around a specific character.用一句话陈述本段的主要论点。必须与论点句直接相关——以普世的角度表述，而不是围绕某个具体人物。
E
Evidence 근거
텍스트에서 최소 3개의 예시. 직접 인용, 요약 인용, 중요 상징·동기·은유 등. 인용은 짧게 — 3문장 이상 금지.Minimum 3 examples — direct quotes, paraphrases, key symbols, motifs, metaphors. Keep quotes brief — never quote more than 3 sentences.至少3个例子——直接引文、转述、关键象征、母题、隐喻。引文要简短——引用不得超过3句。
E
Explanation 분석
왜/어떻게 그 근거가 주장을 뒷받침하는지 분석. 인용 1문장당 설명 2문장 이상 필요. 가장 중요한 부분!Analyze WHY/HOW the evidence supports your point. For every 1 sentence of quote, write at least 2 sentences of analysis. Most important part!分析论据为什么／如何支持你的观点。每引用1句原文，至少写2句分析。这是最重要的部分！
인용 통합 방법Quote Integration引文的融入
Embedded Quote
T.J. is "strange and different" (120), which appeals to the narrator...
Direct-Point Quote (with colon)
The illusion of paradise is shattered: "the adult world had descended on us" (127).
Thesis는 에세이의 핵심 주장입니다. 주어진 주제에 대해 작가가 무엇을 말하고자 하는지 답하는 문장입니다. 논쟁의 여지가 있어야 하고, 텍스트를 넘어 보편적 메시지를 담아야 합니다.
The Thesis is your central argument — your answer to the topic question. It must be debatable, go beyond the obvious, and carry a universal message that extends beyond the specific text.论点句是你的核心论证——是对题目问题的回答。它必须可辩论，超越显而易见的答案，并传达超越具体文本的普世信息。
❌ 약한 Thesis (0/5)Weak (0/5)较弱（0/5）
"The text explores relationships." — 너무 막연하고 논쟁의 여지가 없습니다. 질문에 답하지 않습니다.Too vague. Not debatable. Doesn't answer the question.过于笼统，无法辩论，没有回答问题。
△ 보통 Thesis (Satisfactory)Satisfactory合格
"Billy Elliot shows that relationships help make us who we are." — 답은 있지만 뻔합니다. 깊이가 부족합니다.Has an answer but too obvious. Lacks depth and complexity.有答案，但过于显而易见，缺乏深度和复杂性。
✓ 강한 Thesis (Excellent 5/5)Excellent (5/5)优秀（5/5）
Although familial relationships are often viewed as the foundation of support and belonging, Stephen Daldry's film Billy Elliot demonstrates that when family expectations restrict an individual's authentic identity, support from outside the family may become essential for self-discovery and personal fulfillment.
Thesis Development
Students learn how to create thesis statements that are:
- Debatable — takes a clear position
- Thematic — focuses on the author's message
- Universal — connects to broader human experience
- Structured — guides the direction of the essay
Instead of memorizing one formula, students practice shaping their thesis around the text, the prompt, and the author's broader message. Full thesis templates and personalized thesis revisions are provided to enrolled students.
学生将学习如何写出以下类型的论点句：
- 可辩论——立场明确
- 有主题——聚焦作者传达的信息
- 具普世性——连接更广泛的人类经验
- 有结构——引导整篇文章的方向
学生不是死记一个公式，而是练习围绕文本、题目和作者的整体信息来塑造自己的论点。完整的论点模板和个性化的论点修改将提供给已报名的学生。
학생들은 essay question에 맞게 명확하고, 논쟁 가능하며, 주제 의식이 있는 thesis statement를 작성하는 방법을 배웁니다. 단순히 하나의 공식을 외우는 것이 아니라, 작품과 prompt, 그리고 작가가 전달하는 broader message에 맞춰 thesis를 구성하는 연습을 합니다. 전체 thesis template과 개별 thesis 첨삭은 등록 학생에게만 제공됩니다.
✅ 반드시 해야 할 것Always Do务必做到
✦ 현재 시제 + 능동태 — "Winston goes" ✓ (not "went")Present tense + active voice — "Winston goes" ✓ not "went"一般现在时 + 主动语态——"Winston goes" ✓ 而不是 "went"
✦ 작가는 처음엔 풀네임, 이후엔 성(surname)만First mention = full name; after = surname only首次提及用全名；之后只用姓氏
✦ 퇴고에 최소 15분 — 소리내어 읽기Spend at least 15 min editing — read it aloud至少花15分钟修改——大声朗读一遍
✦ Clincher — 마지막 문장을 강렬하게End with a powerful Clincher sentence用有力的点睛句（Clincher）结尾
✦ TAG (Title, Author, Genre) 도입부에 포함Include TAG (Title, Author, Genre) in introduction引言中包含TAG（篇名、作者、体裁）
❌ 절대 하지 말 것Never Do切勿
✦ "The reader can see…" / "You can see…"
✦ "Obviously…" / "Clearly…" / "In my opinion…"
✦ "In conclusion…" / "To conclude…" (진부함)(clichéd)（陈词滥调）
✦ 문장을 "it"으로 시작 — 항상 구체적으로Starting sentences with vague "it"用含糊的"it"开头造句
✦ 축약형 사용 (shouldn't → should not)Contractions (shouldn't → should not)使用缩略形式（shouldn't → should not）
✦ 같은 문장을 다른 말로 반복 — 분량 채우기 금지Repeating sentences to pad word count重复句子来凑字数
SCORING — 채점 기준
10
사고력
이해Thought &
Understanding思想与
理解
10
근거
제시Supporting
Evidence佐证
论据
5
형식
구조Form &
Structure形式与
结构
5
어휘
선택Matters
of Choice措辞
选择
5
문법
정확성Matters of
Correctness语言
规范
총점 35점 (시험 총점의 30%)Total: 35 marks = 30% of exam总计：35分 = 考试的30%
E&E 수업에서 함께 읽고 에세이를 쓰는 작품 목록입니다. 각 작품을 깊이 공부해야 강한 에세이가 나옵니다.
Texts we read and write essays on in E&E classes. The deeper you know a text, the stronger your essay will be.我们在E&E课堂上阅读并撰写论文的文本。对文本了解得越深，你的文章就越出色。
📖 단편 소설Short Stories短篇小说Author
CathedralRaymond Carver
On the Rainy RiverTim O'Brien
The Painted DoorSinclair Ross
The Paper MenagerieKen Liu
Paul's CaseWilla Cather
The Rocking-Horse WinnerD.H. Lawrence
Touching BottomKari Strutt
The Yellow WallpaperCharlotte Perkins Gilman
🎭 Drama
The CrucibleArthur Miller
A Streetcar Named DesireTennessee Williams
🎭 Shakespeare
MacbethWilliam Shakespeare
HamletWilliam Shakespeare
King LearWilliam Shakespeare
📚 장편 소설Full-length Fiction长篇小说
1984George Orwell
The Great GatsbyF. Scott Fitzgerald
Indian HorseRichard Wagamese
Life of PiYann Martel
The Outsider (The Stranger)Albert Camus
🎬 FilmDirector
AtonementJoe Wright
A Beautiful MindRon Howard
Lady BirdGreta Gerwig
The Truman ShowPeter Weir
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이 샘플들은 E&E 수업에서 학생과 직접 작성한 글입니다. 그대로 따라 쓰거나 복사하는 것은 학교 규정 위반입니다.
These samples were written with students in actual E&E sessions. Copying or reproducing them directly violates your school's academic integrity policy.这些范文是学生在E&E的实际课堂中完成的。直接抄袭或照搬将违反你所在学校的学术诚信规定。
SAMPLE 1 — Annotated Body Paragraph
The Painted Door — Sinclair Ross
EDIT: Ann's admission of her loneliness
exposes
her emotional deprivation beneath her marriage and reveals the conflict between her loyalty to John and her desire for companionship. Although she momentarily
voices
her isolation, she immediately retreats from her own need by focusing on John's comfort and safety.
This response implies that
Ann has learned to minimize her dissatisfaction rather than confront it directly. Her actions emphasize how individuals may compromise their happiness through emotional self-suppression, convincing themselves that devotion and endurance are enough even when their deeper needs remain unmet. Ross presents Ann not as simply selfish or ungrateful, but as a woman whose longing for emotional recognition has been repeatedly ignored. By dismissing her loneliness instead of confronting it honestly, Ann allows her emotional deprivation to harden into resentment.
Full sample provided in class
Literary Verbs
exposes, voices, emotional recognition — precise literary verbs instead of "shows/says." Exposes = something hidden revealed; voices = fleeting emotional expression captured.
Transitional Phrases
"This response implies that…" / "Her actions emphasize…" — bridge evidence to analysis. These signal the move from quoting to explaining.
Deep Analysis
Extends beyond Ann to universal human experience — excellent essays reach toward broader truths about the human condition.
Present Perfect
"has learned" vs. "learns" — implies a deeply ingrained pattern formed over time, not a one-time action. Tense choices deepen literary analysis.
Full annotations provided in class
THESIS STATEMENT
The Rocking-Horse Winner — D. H. Lawrence
Students learn how to write thesis statements that are debatable, thematic, universal, and connected to the essay question.
学生将学习如何写出可辩论、有主题、具普世性并紧扣作文题目的论点句。
학생들은 논쟁 가능하고, 주제적이며, 보편적이고, 시험 문제와 연결된 thesis statement 쓰는 법을 배웁니다.
Exam Question (June 1995)
Discuss the idea(s) developed by the text creator in your chosen text about the effect of adversity on the human spirit.
Sample Thesis Preview
In "The Rocking-Horse Winner," D. H. Lawrence reveals that when vulnerable individuals are deprived of genuine love and taught to measure worth through material success, they may internalize destructive values, ultimately leading to emotional isolation and self-destruction.
Students learn how to adapt thesis statements depending on the essay question and chosen text. Full thesis templates and personalized revisions are provided to enrolled students.
学生将学习如何根据作文题目和所选文本调整论点句。完整的论点模板和个性化修改将提供给已报名的学生。
시험 문제와 선택한 텍스트에 따라 thesis를 다양하게 조정하는 방법을 배웁니다. 전체 thesis 공식과 개별 첨삭은 등록 학생에게만 제공됩니다.
✓ Debatable — takes a clear, arguable position
✓ Universal — extends beyond the plot to human experience
✓ Thematic depth — goes beyond obvious observations
✓ Road map — previews the direction of body paragraphs
📌 Note on TAG
The full TAG (Title, Author, Genre) is introduced once — in the introduction, typically in the context sentence before the thesis. It does not need to be repeated in the body paragraphs. A surname reference alone (e.g., Lawrence suggests...) is sufficient once the author has been formally introduced.
HOW STUDENTS LEARN INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION
Cathedral — Raymond Carver
Students learn how to move from a broad thematic opening to a precise thesis, then return to the larger human lesson in the conclusion. Full samples and personalized revisions are provided to enrolled students.
学生将学习如何从宽泛的主题式开篇过渡到精准的论点，并在结尾回到更宏大的人生启示。完整的范文和个性化修改将提供给已报名的学生。
학생들은 넓은 주제적 시작에서 구체적인 thesis로 좁혀 들어가고, conclusion에서는 다시 작품의 broader lesson으로 확장하는 방법을 배웁니다. 전체 샘플과 개별 첨삭은 등록 학생에게만 제공됩니다.